Hemlock Fir

What is Hemlock Fir?

Hemlock fir is likely referring to either Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) or Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), both of which are members of the Tsuga genus. Despite the “fir” in the name, hemlocks are not true fir trees (genus Abies). They are important forest species in North America and are known for their soft wood and fine texture.

Where does Hemlock Fir grow?

Hemlock trees are primarily divided into two major species, each with its own native range:

1. Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla):

• Native Range:
  • The Pacific Northwest, including coastal regions of Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska.
  • Also found inland in parts of Idaho and Montana, often in wetter areas like rainforests or along riverbanks.
• Habitat: Thrives in cool, moist environments, particularly coastal and temperate rainforests.

1. Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis):

• Native Range:
  • Found in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.
  • Extends through the Great Lakes region and down the Appalachian Mountains as far south as Georgia.
• Habitat: Prefers shaded, moist environments, often growing along streams or in dense forests.

How is Hemlock Fir used commercially?

Hemlock wood is softer and less dense than other conifers, which affects its commercial value, but it is still used in various industries.

1. Lumber and Construction:

• Western Hemlock: Used in construction, especially in framing, plywood, and sheathing. It is known for its uniform texture and is often preferred for non-structural applications like paneling.
• Eastern Hemlock: Sometimes used in construction, though it is not as strong as other woods. It may be used for general lumber, especially in rural areas.

1. Pulp and Paper: Both Western and Eastern Hemlock are widely used for pulp production, which is turned into paper and paperboard.
2. Landscaping and Ornamental Use: Hemlock trees are often used in landscaping for their graceful, drooping branches and aesthetic appeal. They are commonly planted as ornamental trees in gardens and parks, as well as for hedging and windbreaks.
3. Railroad Ties: Eastern Hemlock was historically used for railroad ties, though this use has declined over time.
4. Other Uses:

• Bark: Historically, the bark of Eastern Hemlock was used for tanning leather due to its high tannin content.
• Christmas Trees: Some hemlocks, especially smaller trees, are occasionally used as Christmas trees.

While hemlock wood is not as strong as that of Douglas fir or pine, it is valued for its fine grain, ease of working, and availability.

Hemlock Fir Dimensions

• 2×4
• 2×6
• 4×4
• 4×6